PowerPoint Presentation

7 Guiding Principles and Values of = Restorative Justice

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1.Crime is an offense against human relationships.

2.Victims and the community are central to justice process= es.

3.The first priority of justice processes is to assist victims.

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7 Guiding Principles and Values of = Restorative Justice

4.The second priority is to restore the community, to the degree possible.

= 5.The offender has personal responsibility to victims and to the <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:42.0%;left:10.11%;width:84.08%;height:4.75%= '>community for crimes committed.

= 6.The offender will develop improved competency and understanding = as a result of the restorative justice experience.

7.Stakeholders share responsibilities for restorative just= ice through partnerships for action

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Fundamental Concepts of Restorative Justice

1.Crime is fundamentally a violation of people and interpersonal relationships.

2.Violations create obligations and liabilities.<= /span>

3.Restorative justice seeks to heal and put right the wrongs.=

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Fundamental Concepts of Restorative Justice=

1.= Crime is fundamentally a violation of people and interpersonal relationships.

§Victims and the community have been harmed and need restoration. <= /span>

§Victims, offenders, and the affected communities are the key stakeholders in justice.

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%;text-shadow:auto;visibility:hidden'>§

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Fundamental Concepts of Restorative Justice=

2.Violations cre= ate obligations and liabilities.<= /span>

§Offenders' obligations are to make things right as much as possible.

The community's obligations are to victims and to offenders and for the general welfare of its members. The community-

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Fundamental Concepts of Restorative Justice=

3.Restorative justice seeks to heal and put right the wrongs.=

= §The needs of victims for information, validation, restitution, testimony, safety, and support are the starting points of = justice.

<= span style=3D'mso-special-format:bullet;color:yellow;position:absolute;left:-5.= 69%; top:.22em;font-family:Wingdings;font-size:80%'>§The process of justice maximizes opportunities for exchange of information, participation, dialogue, and = mutual consent between victim and offender. =

§Offenders' needs and competencies are addressed.

§The justice process belongs to the community.

§Justice is mindful of the outcomes, intended and = unintended, and its responses to crime and victimization= .


	The needs of victims for information, validation, restitution, testimony, saf= ety, and support are the starting points of justice.
	•*The safety of victims is an immed= iate priority.*
	•*The justice process provides a fr= amework that promotes the work of recovery and healing that is ultimately the dom= ain of the individual victim.*
	•*Victims are empowered by maximizi= ng their input and participating in determining needs and outcomes.*=
	•*Offenders are involved in repair = of the harm insofar as possible.*
	The process of justice maximizes opportunities for exchange of information, participation, dialogue, and mutual consent between victim and offender.<= /font>
	•*Face-to-face encounters are appro= priate in some instances while alternative forms of exchange are more appropriat= e in others.*
	•*Victims have the principal role in defining and directing the terms and conditions of the exchange.*<= /font>
	•*Mutual agreement takes precedence= over imposed outcomes.*
	•*Opportunities are provided (but n= ot expected) for remorse, forgiveness, and reconciliation.*
	Offenders' needs and competencies are addressed.
	•*Recognizing that offenders themse= lves have often been harmed, healing and integration of offenders into the community are emphasized.*
	•*Offenders are supported and treat= ed respectfully in the justice process.*
	•*Removal from the community and se= vere restriction of offenders are limited to the minimum necessary.*
	•*Justice values change above compl= iant behavior.*
	The justice process belongs to the community.
	•*Community members are actively in= volved in doing justice.*
	•*The justice process draws from co= mmunity resources and, in turn, contributes to the building and strengthening of community.*
	•*The justice process attempts to p= romote changes in the community to prevent similar harms from happening to other= s.*
	Justice is mindful of the outcomes, intended and unintended, and its responses to crime and victimization.
	•*Justice monitors and encourages follow-through, since healing, recovery, accountability, and change are maximized when agreements are kept.*
	•Fairness is assured, not by unifo= rmity of outcomes but through provision of necessary support and opportunities to = all parties and avoidance of discrimination based on ethnicity, class, and gender.
	•Outcomes that are predominately d= eterrent or incapacitative should be implemented as a last resort and involve the least restrictive intervention while seeking restoration of the parties involved.
	•Unintended consequences, such as = the co-optation of restorative processes for coercive or punitive ends, undue offender orientation or the expansion of social control, are resisted=
	*(Zehr and Mika 1997).*

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New Roles in the Balanced Approach of Restorative Justice

§All parties should be included in the response to crime-= = offenders, victims, and the community.

§Government and local communities should play complementary roles in that response.

§Accountability is based on offenders understanding the <= /span><= span style=3D'font-family:Tahoma;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;font-size:75%; text-shadow:auto'>harm caused by their offenses, accepting responsibility = for that harm, and repairing it.

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Traditional and Restorative Justice Assumptions = and Implications for Victims of Crime

= Traditional Justice

= Restorative Justice

= Implications For Victims

The criminal justice sys= tem controls crime.

Crime control lies primarily in the community.

The community-including victims and their allies-participates in and directly benefits <= /span>from deterrence.

Offender accountability def= ined as taking punishment.=

Accountability defined as assuming responsibility a= nd taking action to repair harm.

Offenders are held directly accountable to victims.

Cri= me is an individual act with individual res= ponsibility.

Crime has both individual and soc= ial dimensions of res= ponsibility.

Pre= vention, intervention, and breaking the cycle of violence are important considerations.

Cri= me is an act against the state, a violation of = the law, an abstract idea.

Crime is an act against another person or the community.

The victim is individualized as central to the crime and the criminal justice system <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:67.25%;left:61.04%;width:41.01%;height:3.25= %'>process, with the community duly noted = as also affected by crimes.

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Traditional and Restorative Justice Assumptions = and Implications for Victims of Crime

Traditional Justice

Restorative Justice

Implications For Victi= ms

Punishment is effective:
a. Threat of punishment de= ters crime.
b. Punishment changes behavior.

Punishment alone is not effective in changing behavior and is disruptive to community= ha= rmony and good relationships.

Punishment is augmented by direct ac= countability to the victim and to the community, with victims ha= ving a strong, consistent voice.

Victims are peripheral to the process.

Victims are central to the process of resolving a crime.

Restorative justice principles are "victim-centered."
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The offender is defined by def= icits.

The offender is defined by his or her capacity to make rep= aration.

Rep= arations to the victim and to the community are a priority.

Focus is on establishing bla= me, on guilt, on past (did he/she do it?).

Focus is on problem solving, on liabilities/obligations and on the future (what should b= e done?).

A central goal is to deter future criminal action through conflict resolution, problem solving, and fulfilling obligations to the victim and to the community.

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Traditional and Restorative Justice Assumptions = and Implications for Victims of Crime

= Traditional Justice


	Victims and the community have been harmed and need restoration.
	The primary victims are those most directly affected by the offense but other= s, such as family members of victims and offenders, witnesses, and members of the affected community, are also victims.
	*The relationships affected (and reflected) by crime must be addressed.*
	Victims, offenders, and the affected communities are the key stakeholders in justi= ce.
	A restorative justice process maximizes the input and participation of these parties-particularly victims as well as offenders-in the search for restoration, healing, responsibility, and prevention.
	The roles of these parties will vary according to the nature of the offense a= nd the capacities and preferences of the parties.
	The state has circumscribed roles, such as investigating facts, facilitating processes, and ensuring safety, but the state is not a primary victim.


	Offenders' obligations are to make things right as much as possible.
	•*Since the primary obligation is to victims, a restorative justice process empowers victims to effectively participate in defining obligations.*
	•Offenders are provided opportunit= ies and encouragement to understand the harm they have caused to victims and the community and to develop plans for taking appropriate responsibility.=
	•Voluntary participation by offend= ers is maximized; coercion and exclusion are minimized. However, offenders may be encouraged or required to accept their obligations if they do not do so voluntarily.
	•*Obligations that follow from the = harm inflicted by crime should be related to making things right.*
	•*Obligations may be experienced as difficult, even painful, but are not intended as pain, vengeance, or reve= nge.*
	•*Obligations to victims, such as restitution, take priority over other sanctions and obligations to the st= ate, such as fines.*
	•*Offenders have an obligation to b= e active participants in addressing their own needs.*

	The community's obligations are to victims and to offenders and for the gener= al welfare of its members. *The community:*
	•*Has a responsibility to support a= nd help victims of crime to meet their needs.*
	•*Bears a responsibility for the we= lfare of its members and the social conditions and relationships which promote both crime and community peace.*
	•Has responsibilities to support e= fforts to integrate offenders into the community, to be actively involved in the definitions of offender obligations, and to ensure opportunities for offenders to make amends.


	Balanced and Restorative Justice is a philosophy or alternative perspective to juvenile justice. The BARJ approach outlines a response to crime that is a balanced approach, giving equal weight to the response of victims, offenders and the community.

	The main principle of BARJ states that crime is a harm, not just to the state, but= to victims and the community. = Crime creates an injury or tear in the relationship between the victim and offender. If a relationship= did not exist before the crime, the offense created a negative relationship between all participants. T= he crime also creates injury to the community that the crime occurs in. The balanced approach gives the = victim an opportunity to be part of holding the offender accountable and deciding how to repair the harm that was created by the offender.
	The balanced approach mission is to hold the offenders ACCOUNTABLE to the vic= tims and the harm they caused. T= he offender should leave the system more COMPETENT to function within the community than when he entered the system. The Community should be responsi= ble for the well being of its members and should allow the offender to repair= the harm and make reparations. Community involvement helps in promoting COMMUNITY PROTECTION.


	The traditional and accepted roles of all parties in the criminal and juvenile justice systems are challenged by the framework of restorative justice. The following values and assumptions should be considered by vic= tim service providers in developing roles and responsibilities that are relev= ant to restorative justice: